Bukhara

The iconic trio of the Kalyon Minaret (47m, built 1127), Kalyon Mosque, and Mir-i-Arab Madrasa. The minaret once served as a lighthouse for caravans approaching across the desert and was allegedly used for executions.

The ancient citadel of Bukhara's emirs, used for over 1,000 years. The massive walls contain throne rooms, a mosque, a prison, and a museum. The rooftop offers views over the old city.

A tranquil plaza centered on a 17th-century pool flanked by mulberry trees, a madrasa, and a khanaka (pilgrim's rest). The most atmospheric spot in Bukhara for evening tea or dinner at an outdoor restaurant.

A 10th-century masterpiece of early Islamic architecture. Its intricate brickwork creates different patterns depending on the light and angle — no tiles, just brilliant bricklaying. The oldest monument in Bukhara.

Three surviving covered bazaars — Taq-i Sarrafon (moneychangers), Taq-i Telpak Furushon (hat sellers), and Taq-i Zargaron (jewelers). Now mostly selling souvenirs, silk, and carpets, but the architecture is the real draw.

A quirky 19th-century gatehouse with four blue-domed towers, each slightly different. Hidden in a residential lane, it's small but photogenic and makes for a pleasant wander through the backstreets.

A stunning 18th-century mosque with an ornate carved wooden portico supported by 20 tall columns. The pool in front creates beautiful reflections. Faces the Ark Fortress across the square.